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Individual:
1 ZYXW Lyla J. Goswick-Wentz
From the Public Records in England, the following authorities, as
mentioned, have published information about persons who came to
Massachusetts on the Ship Elizabeth in which John Clough sailed from
England. These quotations are the entire information that has been found
about John Clough previous to 1635.
Fortunately, in the Town Records of Salisbury, Massachusetts, the fact
is recorded that William Holdred "Came with John Clough." This
identifies our ancestor, and also distinguishes him from several other
men who were also named John Clough and who came to
Massachusetts at the same period. One of these men was a tailor of
Watertown, Massachusetts, and several publications have stated that
these two men were identical. However, the names of their wives
dispel all doubt in regard to this confusion of the two Johns. John
Clough of Watertown was the ancestor of another Clough line that lived
around and in Boston during the following century. His wife was named
Susanna. Bond's Genealogies of Watertown, Mass., states, "John
Clough tailor, admitted freeman, 1642; he and wife Susanna sold house
and lands in Watertown to William Shattuck (deed not dated but
recorded July 4, 1654)."
Another John Clough of Boston Married Elizabeth, and second, Mary.
Their children were Elizabeth, 1658; William, 1661, John, 1668;
Ebenezer, 1671; Mary, 1673; Susanna, 1674; Mercy, 1683; Abigail,
1686.
Ebenezer married first Martha Goodwin, second Thankful White and
had nine children. (See Wyman's Genealogies of Charlestown, Mass.)
Three other men named John Clough were in the Massachusetts Bay
Colony before 1660. All three can be distinguished by the different
given names of their wives. The following paragraphs have been
published from sources that are recorded in the Public Records of
England. The first is quoted from a book that was published by John C.
Hotton in 1931.
"The Original Lists of Persons of Quality: Emigrants, Religious Exiles,
Political Rebels, Serving Men Sold for a Term of Years, Apprentices,
Children Stolen, Maidens Pressed, and Others Who Went from Great
Britain to the American Plantations, 1600-1700, with Their Ages, the
Localities Where They Formerly Lived in the Mother Country, the
Names of the Ships in Which They Embarked, and Other Interesting
Particulars, from Mss. Preserved in the State Paper Department of Her
Majesty's Record Office. John C. Hotton, G.A. Baker & Co., Inc., New
York, 1931." p. 35 8 Aprilis 1635
Theis pties herevnder mencioned are to be transported to New
England: imbarqued in the Elizabeth of London Wm Stagg Mr. (master)
bound thither: they have taken the oath of Allegeance & Supremacie p
Cert: from the pish of St. Alphage Cropplegate [Cripplegate] the
Minister there,
Tanners Wm Holdred....................... 25
Roger Preston ................... 21
Daniell Brpdley ................. 20
Isack Studman* ................. 30
That theis 3 pties are no Subsedie men: wee whose names herevnto are
written belonging to Blackwell Hall, do averr they are none
Robte Farrands
Thomas Smith
*[This fourth name is in a different handwriting from the preceding
three, and was doubtless inserted after the succeeding paragraph (in
which three only are referred to) had been written.]
"p. 56. PASSINGER WCH PASSED FROM YE PORT OF LONDON
xjo die Aprilis 1635
In the Eliz: prd Wm Stagg Mr. bound for New England: the pties
uvnder written have brought Certificate according to order,
A Carpenter Wm Whitteredd 36 Jo:Cluffe 22
vxor Elizabeth 30 Jo:Wild 17
sonn Tho: Whittredd 10 SamVEL Haieward 22
Jo:Duke 20
THE PLANTERS OF THE COMMONWEALTH.........1620-1640,
C.E.Banks, Boston, 1930.
"pp. 144-145.
ELIZABETH of London, William Stagg, Master. She sailed from
London in April and arrived at Boston in midsummer. Most of the
passengers were certified by 'Ministers and Justices of the Parish' (not
stated), with the exceptions named below. 'p. 146.
William Wild.............30 Ipswich
Mrs. Alice Wild..........40
Peter Thorne..............20
John Wild..................17
William Whitred..........36 carpenter Ipswich
Mrs. Elizabeth
Whitred.............30
Thomas Whitred...........10
John Cluffe..............22
Samuel Hayward...........22 carpenter Boston
John Duke................20 "
THE FOUNDERS OF NEW ENGLAND -- S.G. Drake, 1860, Boston.
p. 21
"xjo die Aprilis, 1635. In the Eliz: pred. Wm Stagg Mr. bound for New
England: the p'ties vnder written have brought Certificate according to
order.
Wm Whitteredd, carpenter 36 Jo. Wild 17
Elizabeth vxor 30 Samuel Haieward 22
Tho: whittredd sonn 10 Jo: Duke 20
Jo: Cluffe 22
PIONEERS OF MASSACHUSETTS -- C. H. Pope, 1900, Boston "p.
497. Wild, William, a carpenter, settled Ipswich, came in Elizabeth,
1635; John Wild a kinsman. p. 224. Hayward, Samuel, carpenter, came
to Boston. p. 146. John Duke." Since William Holdred "Came with
John Clough", his story is pertinent to this genealogical record, and we
quote:
PIONEERS OF MASSACHUSETTS -- C. H. Pope. "p. 235.
HOLDRED, HOLDROYD, HOLDRIDGE William, ae. 25, tanner,
came in the Elizabeth, April 18, 1635. Settled at Ipswich. The Gen.
Court admitted him to a lot, (place not stated,) 2 Nov. 1637. Sold 10
April 1639; propr. at Salisbury. Rem. to Haverhill; propr. 1650. Wife
Isabel; ch. b. at Salis.; Sarah b. 1640, d. 1641, Mary b. and d. 1641,
Rebecca b. June 20, 1643, (m. Richard Margin, of Dover), William b.
March 15, 1647, Sarah b. Dec. 26, 1650, d. Jan. 4, 1651, Mehitabel b.
April 14, 1654, d. June 13, 1657, Mary b. Dec. 24, 1656." Because
William Whitridge was listed in the public Records in England at the
same time as John Clough, and the fact that he was a carpenter, has
given several authors (for example, "The New England Genealogical
Dictionary" by (Savage) the idea that John Clough was an apprentice to
William Whitridge, and came under his supervision. Also in the
records of Boston is a confusing statement in the: "Records of the
Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England,
Vol. 1, 1628-1641. Ed. N. B. Shurtleff, M.D., Boston, 1853, p. 255.
1638-9. 13 March. John Cluffe, vpon his petition, was granted a lott,
wth his masters allowance & consent, havving served 4 years already."
There is no proof that John Clough of Salisbury was an inhabitant at
Boston in 1641, neither is there any reason to claim that he was an
apprentice. The most important fact to be considered is that William
Whitridge went to Ipswich after he landed from the ship, and also
William Holdred lived at first in Ipswich. The probability that John
Clough went to Ipswich with them is reasonable, especially when other
factors are taken into consideration. These records are extremely
important, because they establish the identity of John Clough of
Salisbury, Massachusetts.
It would be an important fact, could it be ascertained, how John Clough
learned about the Plantation at Salisbury. Either he already knew of the
plans for a new settlement before he left England, or he gained the
information in the place where he stayed between the day he landed in
Charlestown in 1635, and 1639. It has been noted in Chapter II that five
or more of the original Proprietors of Salisbury, Massachusetts, were
from Wilts County, Salisbury, England. If the privileges that were
immediately granted to John Clough at Salisbury in 1639, namely,
immediate church membership and admitted a Freeman in 1640, are
noted carefully, there is every indication that the original Proprietors
were acquainted with him intimately. Secondly, several of the settlers
of Ipswich moved to Salisbury and were admitted Proprietors by the
original twelve men: Edward French, Henry Brown, George Carr,
Thomas Carter, Thomas Rowell, and William Holdred "who came with
John Clough" to New England. Edward French was one of the early
Prudential Men, (selectmen of today). Henry Brown was the church
deacon, and George Carr was one of the prominent business men of the
settlement. It is credible that John Clough lived at Ipswich from 1635 to
1639 and moved with other men of Ipswich at Salisbury.
Another reason for supposing that John Clough was not a stranger to the
original Proprietors from Salisbury, England, is that John was a
Presbyterian, a sect that was forbidden in 1610 by King James to hold a
meeting for public worship. Also, Rev. William Worcester was of the
same faith and the church at Salisbury was organized according to the
government of that denomination, as proved by Public Records in
Boston. In the Genealogy of the Merrill Family by Samuel Merrill,
Cambridge, Mass., 1917-1928, the statement is found that the
organization of the church for Salisbury, Massachusetts, was originally
founded in Salisbury, England, before the grant was established by the
General Court. This is evidence that plans were in process some tine
before 1638, and especially noteworthy is the fact that several members
of the family of Governor Dudley, highest official of the Bay Colony,
were among the original twelve Proprietors who were evidently
planning a speculation in land for financial investment. Rev. William
Worcester was engaged as pastor of the church while he was yet living
in Salisbury, England. He presented a bell to the town which he
shipped at least a year before he arrived at the settlement. John Clough
was not penniless. He paid a passage of not less than twentyfive pounds
on the Ship Elizabeth. He paid his fifty pounds to become a Proprietor
in Salisbury. He received his share of upland in the second division of
land which demanded that he possess at least another one hundred fifty
pounds. He soon was joining Robert Pike, most wealthy business man,
and Henry True in an enterprise of building a "Vessel in Boston,"
probably for the coasting trade which was a means of accumulating an
income rapidly. All of these facts are convincing conclusions that John
Clough received considerable funds from his inheritance in England,
yet like many of the pioneers of New England, he left no record of his
lineage or birthplace, either in England or Massachusetts. He cut off
completely all contacts with his home. It is probable that John Clough
quietly departed from England because of his religious faith. He was
not recommended for immigration by a minister of the Church of
England according to the Public Record Office in London. However, as
stated above, he was immediately admitted to the church at Salisbury
and was made Freeman in 1640, an honor that only members of
churches received, and only men who were recommended to the
General Court by influential men of the Commonwealth of the Bay
Colony. This establishes the status of John Clough at the very beginning
of the settlement, and indicates that he was well known to the leaders in
this new Plantation.
FREEMAN.
To become a freeman it was required that the individual be a
respectable member of some Church. Persons were made freeman by
the "General Court" and by the quarterly courts of the counties. None
but freemen could hold office or vote for rulers.
Freeman's Oath.
I by God's providence an inhabitant and freeman within the jurisdiction
of this Commonwealth do freely acknowledge myself to be subject to
the government thereof and therefore do here swear by the great and
dreadful name of the Everlasting God that I will be true and faithful to
the same, and will accordingly yield assistance and support thereunto,
with my person and estate, as in equity I am bound; and I will also truly
endeavor to maintain and preserve all the liberties and privileges
thereof, submitting myself to the wholesome laws and orders made and
established by the same, and further that I will not plot nor practice any
evil against it, nor consent to any that shall so do, but will truly
discover and reveal the same to lawful authority, now here established
for the speedy preventing thereof. Moreover I do solemnly bind myself
in the sight of God, that when I shall be called to give my voice
touching any such matter of this state wherein freemen are to deal, I
will give my vote and suffrage as I judge in mine own respect of
persons or favor of any man. So help me God in the Lord Jesus Christ.
After considering every clue to the background of John Clough, it seems
probable that he came from Salisbury, England, and because of his
religious affiliations, he left no trace of his ancestry.
John Clough's first lot in Salisbury was near the place where the
railroad station is now (1950) located, and William Holdred's was
located on the second lot to the west of him. There he erected his home
and brought his wife, Jane _____. Unfortunately no trace of the maiden
name of Jane has been discovered. In several references to John Clough
and Jane the statement is found that both came to New England on the
ship Elizabeth. Jane's name does not appear on the list of passengers,
neither is a Jane Clough on the lists of emigrants, at the Public Record
Office in London, who sailed on the Elizabeth or any other ship. The
names Jane and Joan were common among the young women of the
Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1635. Probably no trace of the maiden
name of our maternal ancestor can be discovered. Although the
statement is made in a few books that John and Jane were married in
England, this seems improbable, unless Jane followed John after 1635.
Certainly no record of a Jane Clough has been read, although diligent
search has been pursued at the Massachusetts genealogical Library in
Boston, Mass.
From the book: John Clough - Descendants
From the Public Records in England, the following authorities, as
mentioned, have published information about persons who came to
Massachusetts on the Ship Elizabeth in which John Clough sailed from
England. These quotations are the entire information that has been found
about John Clough previous to 1635.
Fortunately, in the Town Records of Salisbury, Massachusetts, the fact is
recorded that William Holdred "Came with John Clough." This identifies
our ancestor, and also distinguishes him from several other men who were
also named John Clough and who came to Massachusetts at the same period.
One of these men was a tailor of Watertown, Massachusetts, and several
publications have stated that these two men were identical. However, the
names of their wives dispel all doubt in regard to this confusion of the two
Johns. John Clough of Watertown was the ancestor of another Clough line
that lived around and in Boston during the following century. His wife was
named Susanna. Bond's Genealogies of Watertown, Mass., states, "John
Clough tailor, admitted freeman, 1642; he and wife Susanna sold house and
lands in Watertown to William Shattuck (deed not dated but recorded July 4,
1654)."
Another John Clough of Boston Married Elizabeth, and second, Mary. Their
children were Elizabeth, 1658; William, 1661, John, 1668; Ebenezer, 1671;
Mary, 1673; Susanna, 1674; Mercy, 1683; Abigail, 1686.
Ebenezer married first Martha Goodwin, second Thankful White and had
nine children. (See Wyman's Genealogies of Charlestown, Mass.)
Three other men named John Clough were in the Massachusetts Bay Colony
before 1660. All three can be distinguished by the different given names of
their wives. The following paragraphs have been published from sources
that are recorded in the Public Records of England. The first is quoted from
a book that was published by John C. Hotton in 1931.
"The Original Lists of Persons of Quality: Emigrants, Religious Exiles,
Political Rebels, Serving Men Sold for a Term of Years, Apprentices,
Children Stolen, Maidens Pressed, and Others Who Went from Great Britain
to the American Plantations, 1600-1700, with Their Ages, the Localities
Where They Formerly Lived in the Mother Country, the Names of the Ships
in Which They Embarked, and Other Interesting Particulars, from Mss.
Preserved in the State Paper Department of Her Majesty's Record Office.
John C. Hotton, G.A. Baker & Co., Inc., New York, 1931." p. 35 8 Aprilis
1635
Theis pties herevnder mencioned are to be transported to New England:
imbarqued in the Elizabeth of London Wm Stagg Mr. (master) bound thither:
they have taken the oath of Allegeance & Supremacie p Cert: from the pish
of St. Alphage Cropplegate [Cripplegate] the Minister there,
Tanners Wm Holdred....................... 25
Roger Preston ................... 21
Daniell Brpdley ................. 20
Isack Studman* ................. 30
That theis 3 pties are no Subsedie men: wee whose names herevnto are
written belonging to Blackwell Hall, do averr they are none
Robte Farrands
Thomas Smith
*[This fourth name is in a different handwriting from the preceding three,
and was doubtless inserted after the succeeding paragraph (in which three
only are referred to) had been written.]
"p. 56. PASSINGER WCH PASSED FROM YE PORT OF LONDON
xjo die Aprilis 1635
In the Eliz: prd Wm Stagg Mr. bound for New England: the pties
uvnder written have brought Certificate according to order,
A Carpenter Wm Whitteredd 36 Jo:Cluffe 22
vxor Elizabeth 30 Jo:Wild 17
sonn Tho: Whittredd 10 SamVEL Haieward 22
Jo:Duke 20
THE PLANTERS OF THE COMMONWEALTH.........1620-1640,
C.E.Banks, Boston, 1930.
"pp. 144-145.
ELIZABETH of London, William Stagg, Master. She sailed from London in
April and arrived at Boston in midsummer. Most of the passengers were
certified by 'Ministers and Justices of the Parish' (not stated), with the
exceptions named below. 'p. 146.
William Wild.............30 Ipswich
Mrs. Alice Wild..........40
Peter Thorne..............20
John Wild..................17
William Whitred..........36 carpenter Ipswich
Mrs. Elizabeth
Whitred.............30
Thomas Whitred...........10
John Cluffe..............22
Samuel Hayward...........22 carpenter Boston
John Duke................20 "
THE FOUNDERS OF NEW ENGLAND -- S.G. Drake, 1860, Boston. p. 21
"xjo die Aprilis, 1635. In the Eliz: pred. Wm Stagg Mr. bound for New
England: the p'ties vnder written have brought Certificate according to
order.
Wm Whitteredd, carpenter 36 Jo. Wild 17
Elizabeth vxor 30 Samuel Haieward 22
Tho: whittredd sonn 10 Jo: Duke 20
Jo: Cluffe 22
PIONEERS OF MASSACHUSETTS -- C. H. Pope, 1900, Boston "p. 497.
Wild, William, a carpenter, settled Ipswich, came in Elizabeth, 1635; John
Wild a kinsman. p. 224. Hayward, Samuel, carpenter, came to Boston. p.
146. John Duke." Since William Holdred "Came with John Clough", his
story is pertinent to this genealogical record, and we quote:
PIONEERS OF MASSACHUSETTS -- C. H. Pope. "p. 235. HOLDRED,
HOLDROYD, HOLDRIDGE William, ae. 25, tanner, came in the Elizabeth,
April 18, 1635. Settled at Ipswich. The Gen. Court admitted him to a lot,
(place not stated,) 2 Nov. 1637. Sold 10 April 1639; propr. at Salisbury.
Rem. to Haverhill; propr. 1650. Wife Isabel; ch. b. at Salis.; Sarah b. 1640,
d. 1641, Mary b. and d. 1641, Rebecca b. June 20, 1643, (m. Richard
Margin, of Dover), William b. March 15, 1647, Sarah b. Dec. 26, 1650, d.
Jan. 4, 1651, Mehitabel b. April 14, 1654, d. June 13, 1657, Mary b. Dec.
24, 1656." Because William Whitridge was listed in the public Records in
England at the same time as John Clough, and the fact that he was a
carpenter, has given several authors (for example, "The New England
Genealogical Dictionary" by (Savage) the idea that John Clough was an
apprentice to William Whitridge, and came under his supervision. Also in
the records of Boston is a confusing statement in the: "Records of the
Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England, Vol. 1,
1628-1641. Ed. N. B. Shurtleff, M.D., Boston, 1853, p. 255. 1638-9. 13
March. John Cluffe, vpon his petition, was granted a lott, wth his masters
allowance & consent, havving served 4 years already."
There is no proof that John Clough of Salisbury was an inhabitant at Boston
in 1641, neither is there any reason to claim that he was an apprentice. The
most important fact to be considered is that William Whitridge went to
Ipswich after he landed from the ship, and also William Holdred lived at
first in Ipswich. The probability that John Clough went to Ipswich with them
is reasonable, especially when other factors are taken into consideration.
These records are extremely important, because they establish the identity of
John Clough of Salisbury, Massachusetts.
It would be an important fact, could it be ascertained, how John Clough
learned about the Plantation at Salisbury. Either he already knew of the
plans for a new settlement before he left England, or he gained the
information in the place where he stayed between the day he landed in
Charlestown in 1635, and 1639. It has been noted in Chapter II that five or
more of the original Proprietors of Salisbury, Massachusetts, were from
Wilts County, Salisbury, England. If the privileges that were immediately
granted to John Clough at Salisbury in 1639, namely, immediate church
membership and admitted a Freeman in 1640, are noted carefully, there is
every indication that the original Proprietors were acquainted with him
intimately. Secondly, several of the settlers of Ipswich moved to Salisbury
and were admitted Proprietors by the original twelve men: Edward French,
Henry Brown, George Carr, Thomas Carter, Thomas Rowell, and William
Holdred "who came with John Clough" to New England. Edward French
was one of the early Prudential Men, (selectmen of today). Henry Brown
was the church deacon, and George Carr was one of the prominent business
men of the settlement. It is credible that John Clough lived at Ipswich from
1635 to 1639 and moved with other men of Ipswich at Salisbury.
Another reason for supposing that John Clough was not a stranger to the
original Proprietors from Salisbury, England, is that John was a
Presbyterian, a sect that was forbidden in 1610 by King James to hold a
meeting for public worship. Also, Rev. William Worcester was of the same
faith and the church at Salisbury was organized according to the government
of that denomination, as proved by Public Records in Boston. In the
Genealogy of the Merrill Family by Samuel Merrill, Cambridge, Mass.,
1917-1928, the statement is found that the organization of the church for
Salisbury, Massachusetts, was originally founded in Salisbury, England,
before the grant was established by the General Court. This is evidence that
plans were in process some tine before 1638, and especially noteworthy is
the fact that several members of the family of Governor Dudley, highest
official of the Bay Colony, were among the original twelve Proprietors who
were evidently planning a speculation in land for financial investment. Rev.
William Worcester was engaged as pastor of the church while he was yet
living in Salisbury, England. He presented a bell to the town which he
shipped at least a year before he arrived at the settlement. John Clough was
not penniless. He paid a passage of not less than twentyfive pounds on the
Ship Elizabeth. He paid his fifty pounds to become a Proprietor in
Salisbury. He received his share of upland in the second division of land
which demanded that he possess at least another one hundred fifty pounds.
He soon was joining Robert Pike, most wealthy business man, and Henry
True in an enterprise of building a "Vessel in Boston," probably for the
coasting trade which was a means of accumulating an income rapidly. All of
these facts are convincing conclusions that John Clough received
considerable funds from his inheritance in England, yet like many of the
pioneers of New England, he left no record of his lineage or birthplace,
either in England or Massachusetts. He cut off completely all contacts with
his home. It is probable that John Clough quietly departed from England
because of his religious faith. He was not recommended for immigration by
a minister of the Church of England according to the Public Record Office in
London. However, as stated above, he was immediately admitted to the
church at Salisbury and was made Freeman in 1640, an honor that only
members of churches received, and only men who were recommended to the
General Court by influential men of the Commonwealth of the Bay Colony.
This establishes the status of John Clough at the very beginning of the
settlement, and indicates that he was well known to the leaders in this new
Plantation.
FREEMAN.
To become a freeman it was required that the individual be a respectable
member of some Church. Persons were made freeman by the "General
Court" and by the quarterly courts of the counties. None but freemen could
hold office or vote for rulers.
Freeman's Oath.
I by God's providence an inhabitant and freeman within the jurisdiction of
this Commonwealth do freely acknowledge myself to be subject to the
government thereof and therefore do here swear by the great and dreadful
name of the Everlasting God that I will be true and faithful to the same, and
will accordingly yield assistance and support thereunto, with my person and
estate, as in equity I am bound; and I will also truly endeavor to maintain
and preserve all the liberties and privileges thereof, submitting myself to the
wholesome laws and orders made and established by the same, and further
that I will not plot nor practice any evil against it, nor consent to any that
shall so do, but will truly discover and reveal the same to lawful authority,
now here established for the speedy preventing thereof. Moreover I do
solemnly bind myself in the sight of God, that when I shall be called to give
my voice touching any such matter of this state wherein freemen are to deal,
I will give my vote and suffrage as I judge in mine own respect of persons
or favor of any man. So help me God in the Lord Jesus Christ.
After considering every clue to the background of John Clough, it seems
probable that he came from Salisbury, England, and because of his religious
affiliations, he left no trace of his ancestry.
John Clough's first lot in Salisbury was near the place where the railroad
station is now (1950) located, and William Holdred's was located on the
second lot to the west of him. There he erected his home and brought his
wife, Jane _____. Unfortunately no trace of the maiden name of Jane has
been discovered. In several references to John Clough and Jane the
statement is found that both came to New England on the ship Elizabeth.
Jane's name does not appear on the list of passengers, neither is a Jane
Clough on the lists of emigrants, at the Public Record Office in London, who
sailed on the Elizabeth or any other ship. The names Jane and Joan were
common among the young women of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1635.
Probably no trace of the maiden name of our maternal ancestor can be
discovered. Although the statement is made in a few books that John and
Jane were married in England, this seems improbable, unless Jane followed
John after 1635. Certainly no record of a Jane Clough has been read,
although diligent search has been pursued at the Massachusetts genealogical
Library in Boston, Mass.
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