|
|
| Shoshenk I Hedjkheperre, Pharaoh of Egypt | |
| Changed: 11 Apr 2008 17:08:05 |
| |
 | Spouses & Children |  | |
| | |
 | |  |
|
| |
| - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |
|
| |
|
| |
| Notes | | |
| | |
| | |
|
| |
Individual:
A G-Grandfather
Also known as Shishak in the Bible.
Bubastite DYNASTY, the 22nd dynasty of ancient Egypt (c. 945-c. 730 BC),ruled by Libyans. Lib yan soldiers had long been employed in the Egyptian army, and militarychiefs had settled in the large towns and acquired wealth and power whilethe native rulers had grown weaker and weaker. The rulers of the 22nddynasty were clearly, from their names, of foreign extraction, and theirgenealogy indicates a Libyan origin. Sheshonk I (the biblical Shishak), the founder of the dynasty, seems tohave fixed his residence at Bubastis in the Nile delta, married his sonto the daughter of the last king of the Tanite dynasty, and securedThebes. Whereas King Solomon of Israel appears to have dealt with a21st-dynasty king on basically an equal footing, Sheshonk sackedJerusalem and carried off an enormous treasure in about 930 BC. Osorkon I, his son, inherited a prosperous kingdom from his father andsucceeded in making his son high priest of Amon, but no further progresswas made. It required a strong hand to curb the Libyan chieftains, anddivisions soon began to show themselves in the increasingly feudalizedkingdom. The 23rd, or Theban, dynasty (c. 823-c. 732 BC) was contemporaneous withthe end of the 22nd and was dominated by another branch of theBubastites. By then the kings of both the 22nd and the 23rd dynasties hadlittle hold upon the subject princes, who spent the resources of thecountry in feuds among themselves. [Encyclopædia Britannica CD '97,BUBASTITE DYNASTY] ---------- Sheshonk I, also spelled SHOSHENQ, or SHISHAK, (fl. 10th century BC),first king (reigned 945-924 BC) of the 22nd dynasty of Egypt. Sheshonk came from a line of princes or sheikhs of Libyan tribal descentwhose title was 'great chief of the Meshwesh' and who appear to havesettled in Heracleopolis in Middle Egypt, although another traditionplaced the line in Bubastis in the eastern Nile River delta. Sheshonkprobably ascended the throne without a struggle, making Bubastis hisresidence and marrying his son Osorkon to a daughter of Psusennes II, thelast king of the previous dynasty. According to the Old Testament, 'Shishak king of Egypt came up againstJerusalem' (1 Kings 14:25-26) in about 930 BC in support of Jeroboam, thepretender who challenged the right of Solomon's son Rehoboam to succeedto the Israelite throne. Sheshonk's victories in Palestine werecelebrated by reliefs and inscriptions at Karnak. Although the biblicalaccount reported the looting of the palace and Temple, the name Jerusalemdid not survive in the Egyptian record. A fragment bearing Sheshonk'sname was found at Megiddo. [Encyclopædia Britannica CD '97, SHESHONK I] ---------- Sheshonq was a strong ruler who brought the divided factions of Thebesand Tanis together into a once more united Egypt. Calculatedappointments of his sons to various high offices meant that he exercisespecific control over important areas of the country. Uniting thereligious and secular spheres, his son Iuput was Governor of Upper Egyptand at the same time both High Priest of Amun and commander-in-chief ofthe armies. Another son, Djed-ptah-auf-ankh, supported his brother inthe religious field as Third Prophet of Amun. Yet another son, Nimlot,acted as military commander at Herakleopolis, an important garrison thatcould keep Thebes in check, if need be, to the south. With such a stablepower base at home, sheshonq could then turn his gaze outwards to the oldEgyptian Near Eastern possessions. Following the death of Solomon in 930 BC, the kingdoms of Judah andIsrael under Rehoboam (Solomon's son) and Jeroboam I, respectively, wereat loggerheads and ripe for strong Egyptian military intervention.Sheshonq -- Shishak of the Bible -- defeated them both in 925 BC in ahighly successful campaign, the like of which had not been seen since thedays of Ramesses III in the 20th Dynast. He moved first against Judah,arriving before the walls of Jerusalem, held by Rehoboam. The city wassurrounded but Sheshonq was bought off from entering it by being given'the treasures of the house of the Lord, and the treasures of the king'shouse; he even took away all: and he took away all the shields of goldwhich Solomon had made' (1 Kings 14: 26). All Solomon's treasures,except apparently the most sacred and emotive Ark of the Covenant, fellto Sheshonq. Pharaoh then turned his attentioon to Israel, pursuing hisearlier protégé Jeroboam, who fled over the Jordan. Finally, Sheshonqhalted at Megiddo, the scene of Tuthmosis III's victory 500 years before,and erected a suitable victory stele in the manner of his predecessors. Such success was duly signalled in the appropriate place -- on the wallsof the temple of Amun at Thebes -- and the sandstone quarries at Gebelel-Silsila had to be reopened to provide the building material. Iuput,as High Priest of Amun, was also head of works. A great new court wasconstructed before the Second Pylon at Karnak, its south outer walldecorated with a huge relief of Sheshonq victorious through the grace ofAmun and with captives falling to his might. [chronicle of the Pharaohs,Peter A. Clayton, Thames and Hudson, Ltd., London, 1994]
Sources:
Title: Royalty for Commoners, 3rd ed. Author: Roderick W. Stuart Publication: Genealogical Pu blishing Company, Baltimore MD, 1998 Page: p. 212, Line 422, Gen. 106
|
| - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |
|
| |
|
|
|
