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Individual:
Caius Augustus Octavius (Octavian) Caesar (C. Julius Caesar Octavianus
Augustus), called Caesar Augustus in the New Testament of the Bible, St.Luke 2:1, born September 23, 63 B.C., died August, A.D. 14, was the firstRoman Emperor (27 B.C.-A.D. 14).
As Julius Caesar had been murdered for his aim to efface the Constitution of the Roman Republic of 460 years' standing. Augustus was slow to claimCaesar's power as Imperator but, as the sole survivor of the secondTriumvirate and, though still a young man, was master of the world andwilling to be known as "the first citizen of a free republic," he enjoyedthe honorary title of Princeps Senatus (Chief of the Senate), whichoffice was not hereditary.
Augustus annulled the unconstitutional acts of the Triumvirs and in a decree to the Senate of January 13, 27 B.C. was officially described ashaving "restored the republic" but, on the day those liberties wererestored, they were resigned once for all into the hands of theirrestorer.
Lacking Caesar's commanding genius, Augustus possessed the infinite tact and patience which succeeds where genius fails. He knew that men areruled by imagination, rather than by force. Thus he preserved the RomanRepublic in name, inviolate, and was careful to assume no title such asking or dictator, which would be offensive to Roman sentiment. "Augustus"is a mere title, of which the nearest counterpart is to sought in thephrase "by the grace of God," applied to modern rulers. He was,nevertheless, the first Emperor of Rome.
The title of "Augusta" was later conferred upon fewer than ten favored women, some mentioned below. His army suffering defeat, Augustus' spiritwas broken and the last years of his long reign were clouded withfailure. He not only desired the admiration of his people but alsosought their worship. Falling ill on a journey to Campania he met thepainless death he hoped for, in Livia's arms, August 19, 14 A.D., aged76, having reigned for 41 years, succeeded by Tiberius, who ruled from 14A.D. to 37 A.D.
In his honor the month of August was named for Augustus. The Roman Empire, which he founded, lasted 500 years, from 29 B.C. to 476 A.D.
He married (1) Claudia (Clodia), with no issue, and (2) Scribonia, from whom he later obtained a divorce.
Casius Octavius Augustus Caesar, following his divorce from Scribonia, he later married (3) Livia Drusilla (conferred as Augusta), with no issue.
He died at Nola in the seventy-sixth year of his age (14 A.D.).
("The Genealogy of Homer Beers James", V1, JANDA Consultants, © 1993 Homer James)
Marriage:
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