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Individual:
Nedan frånhttp://www.campusprogram.com/reference/en/wikipedia/e/el/elizabeth_farn
ese.htmlElizabeth FarneseElizabeth Farnese (October 25, 1692 - 1766), queen of Spain, was the
only daughter of Odoardo II, prince of Parma.Her mother educated her in strict seclusion, but seclusion altogether
failed to tame her imperious and ambitious temper. At the age of
twenty-one (1714) she was married by proxy at Parma to Philip V of
Spain. The marriage was arranged by Cardinal Alberoni, with the
concurrence of the Princess des Ursins, the Camerara Mayor.On arriving at the borders of Spain, Elizabeth was met by the Princess
des Ursins, but received her sternly, and, perhaps in accordance with
a plan previously concerted with the king, at once ordered her to be
removed from her presence and from Spain. Over the weak king Elizabeth
quickly obtained complete influence. This influence was exerted
altogether in support of the policy of Alberoni, one chief aim of
which was to recover the ancient Italian possessions of Spain, and
which actually resulted in the seizure of Sardinia and Sicily. So
vigorously did she enter into this policy that, when the French forces
advanced to the Pyrenees, she placed herself at the head of one
division of the Spanish army.But Elizabeth's ambition was grievously disappointed. The Triple
Alliance thwarted her plans, and at length in 1720 the allies made the
banishment of Alberoni a condition of peace. Sicily also had to be
evacuated. And finally, all her entreaties failed to prevent the
abdication of Philip, who in 1724 gave up the throne to his heir, and
retired to the palace of La Granja.Seven months later, however, the death of the young king recalled him
to the throne. During his later years, when he was nearly imbecile,
she directed the whole policy of Spain so as to secure thrones in
Italy for her sons. In 1736 she had the satisfaction of seeing her
favorite scheme realized in the accession of her son Don Carlos
(afterwards Charles III of Spain) to the throne of the Two Sicilies
and his recognition by the powers in the treaty of Vienna. Her second
son, Philip, became duke of Parma. Elizabeth survived her husband
twenty years.
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